{"id":2891,"date":"2024-01-23T12:46:29","date_gmt":"2024-01-23T05:46:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chipchip.edu.vn\/blog\/?p=2891"},"modified":"2024-01-23T12:54:51","modified_gmt":"2024-01-23T05:54:51","slug":"kien-thuc-ve-cac-tu-loai-trong-tieng-anh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chipchip.edu.vn\/blog\/kien-thuc-ve-cac-tu-loai-trong-tieng-anh\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea5t T\u1ea7n T\u1eadt Ki\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9c C\u1ea7n N\u1eafm V\u1ec1 C\u00e1c T\u1eeb Lo\u1ea1i Trong Ti\u1ebfng Anh"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

C\u00e1c t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i (Parts of Speech) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c em h\u1ecdc sinh. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i trong ti\u1ebfng Anh<\/strong> s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c em n\u00e2ng cao k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft v\u0103n. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f9ng Chip Chip t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ti\u1ebfng Anh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i (Parts of Speech) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Trong ti\u1ebfng Anh, t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1eeb d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong c\u00e2u. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i cho bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 g\u00ec trong c\u00e2u. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong ti\u1ebfng Anh, c\u00f3 ch\u00edn t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m danh t\u1eeb (noun), \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb (verb), t\u00ednh t\u1eeb (adjective), tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb (adverb), \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb (pronoun), gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb (preposition), li\u00ean t\u1eeb (conjunction) v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb li\u00ean h\u1ee3p (interjection), m\u1ea1o t\u1eeb (articles). B\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f9ng \u0111i v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Tham kh\u1ea3o b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft: H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng C\u00e1c Ch\u1ee7 \u0110i\u1ec3m Ng\u1eef Ph\u00e1p Ti\u1ebfng Anh L\u1edbp 3 Tr\u1ecdng T\u00e2m<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Danh t\u1eeb (Noun)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Danh t\u1eeb l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t sau c\u00e1c m\u1ea1o t\u1eeb (a, an, the) ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb (my, your, his, her).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 \u00edt v\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong ti\u1ebfng Anh, danh t\u1eeb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i: danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 \u00edt<\/strong> (singular noun) v\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u<\/strong> (plural noun). Danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 \u00edt d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay v\u1eadt, c\u00f2n danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay v\u1eadt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00eam -s v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 \u00edt, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 a pencil (m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y b\u00fat ch\u00ec) – pencils (nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y b\u00fat ch\u00ec). Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: a child (danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 \u00edt – m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh children (danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u – nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb) v\u00e0 mouse (danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 \u00edt – m\u1ed9t con chu\u1ed9t) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh mice (danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u – nhi\u1ec1u con chu\u1ed9t).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Danh t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 danh t\u1eeb trong ti\u1ebfng Anh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfm, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (uncountable noun). Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1ea1o t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 a, an hay some \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: water (n\u01b0\u1edbc), sugar (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng), money (ti\u1ec1n). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (countable noun) th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfm b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebfm nh\u01b0 a, an hay some, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ebfm (one, two, three\u2026) \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc danh t\u1eeb. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: an apple (m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o), a book (m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch), two dogs (hai con ch\u00f3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Danh t\u1eeb chung v\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb ri\u00eang<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Danh t\u1eeb chung<\/a><\/span><\/strong> (common noun) ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay v\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, trong khi danh t\u1eeb ri\u00eang (proper noun) th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ean ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: cat (danh t\u1eeb chung) v\u00e0 Tom (danh t\u1eeb ri\u00eang, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fa m\u00e8o Tom trong b\u1ed9 phim ho\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh Tom & Jerry).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb (Verb)<\/h2>\n\n\n
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\"\u0110\u1ed9ng
\u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb trong ti\u1ebfng Anh<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hay s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay v\u1eadt trong c\u00e2u. \u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9ng sau danh t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec, ng\u00f4i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00ec c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong ti\u1ebfng Anh, c\u00f3 s\u00e1u th\u00ec ch\u00ednh: hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n (present simple), hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n (present continuous), hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh (present perfect), qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u01a1n (past simple), qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n (past continuous) v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh (past perfect). C\u00e1c th\u00ec n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1eddi gian x\u1ea3y ra h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00f4i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia theo ng\u00f4i nh\u00e2n danh t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9ng sau. Trong ti\u1ebfng Anh, c\u00f3 ba ng\u00f4i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (I), ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 hai (you) v\u00e0 ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 ba (he\/she\/it). V\u00ed d\u1ee5: I eat (t\u00f4i \u0103n), you eat (b\u1ea1n \u0103n), he eats (anh \u1ea5y \u0103n). T\u00f9y theo \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb, ch\u1ee7 ng\u1eef trong c\u00e2u, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd chia \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed5 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u00e2u. Ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb do \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh t\u1eeb. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eeb (present participle) v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ph\u00e2n t\u1eeb (past participle). C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n